In this setting, the AI should not be interpreted as a specific requirement. As with AIs for other nutrients, for a healthy person, daily consumption below the AI may not confer additional risk because a wide range of intakes is compatible with normal hydration. Canadian survey data indicated somewhat lower levels of total water intake. Proximately 19 percent of total water intake. 1 Fluids (drinking water and beverages) provided 3.0 L (101 fluid oz ≈ 13 cups) and 2.2 L (74 fluid oz ≈ 9 cups) per day for 19- to 30-year-old men and women, respectively, representing approximately 81 percent of total water intake in the U.S.
The AI for total water intake for young men and women (ages 19 to 30 years) is 3.7 L and 2.7 L per day, respectively. Because normal hydration can be maintained over a wide range of water intakes, the AI for total water (from a combination of drinking water, beverages, and food) is set based on the median total water intake from U.S. The primary indicator of hydration status is plasma or serum osmolality. Instead, an Adequate Intake (AI) for total water is set to prevent deleterious, primarily acute, effects of dehydration, which include metabolic and functional abnormalities. Although a low intake of total water has been associated with some chronic diseases, this evidence is insufficient to establish water intake recommendations as a means to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Total water intake includes drinking water, water in beverages, and water that is part of food. Water is the largest single constituent of the human body and is essential for cellular homeostasis and life.
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